Styles such as Harvard (Bath) and APA 7th require that you enter a citation for each source that you use by entering the author surname(s) and the year of publication. You also need to enter a full reference for each source in your list of references at the end of your text.
1. If the author name(s) occur naturally within your text, enter the year of publication in parentheses. For example:
Harvard (Bath) and APA 7th |
Although first prepared by Benedikt (1879), it was not until much later that Osborn and Jay (1975) confirmed its structure. |
2. If the author name(s) do not occur naturally within your text, enter the surname(s) and year of publication in parentheses. For example:
Harvard (Bath) | APA 7th |
Although it was first prepared in the nineteenth century (Benedikt, 1879), its structure was not confirmed until much later (Osborn and Jay, 1975). | Although it was first prepared in the nineteenth century (Benedikt, 1879), its structure was not confirmed until much later (Osborn & Jay 1975). |
3. You will need to refer to further guidance on citing sources; for example, to find out when and how to enter page numbers, or how to cite sources where there are more than two authors. Please refer either to the Harvard (Bath) guide or one of the other referencing guides.
Styles such as IEEE and RSC require that you enter a citation for each source that you use by entering a number. These numbers run sequentially through your text. Numbers are commonly entered in parentheses (or as superscript text), for example:
Although first prepared by Benedikt (1), its structure was not confirmed until much later (2). It has recently been shown that it is a good chlorinating agent (3).
Each time you cite an individual reference, use the number that you first assigned to it in your text, e.g. each time you cite the work by Benedikt from the example above, you would use (1) to point the reader to the first entry in your list of references. List the references at the end of your text in citation number order.
The following are examples of the most common types of document that you might need to reference. Note the subtle but important differences between reference examples for the each source. You can find many more examples in Harvard (Bath) guide or other referencing guides.
APA 7th
Wells, A.F. (1975). Structural inorganic chemistry (4th ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Harvard (Bath)
Wells, A.F., 1975. Structural inorganic chemistry. 4th ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
RSC
1. A.F. Wells, Structural inorganic chemistry, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 4th edn., 1975.
The following are examples of the most common types of document that you might need to reference. Note the subtle but important differences between reference examples for the each source. You can find many more examples in Harvard (Bath) guide or other referencing guides.
APA 7th
Brunner, F.H. (1949). Synthetic gasoline from natural gas. Industrial and engineering chemistry, 41(11), 2511-2515.
Harvard (Bath)
Brunner, F.H., 1949. Synthetic gasoline from natural gas. Industrial and engineering chemistry, 41(11), pp.2511-2515.
IEEE
[1] F. H. Brunner, “Synthetic gasoline from natural gas,” Ind. Eng. Chem., vol. 41, no. 11, pp. 2511-2515, Nov. 1949.
The following are examples of the most common types of document that you might need to reference. Note the subtle but important differences between reference examples for the each source. You can find many more examples in Harvard (Bath) guide or other referencing guides.
APA 7th
Holland, M., (2002). Guide to citing internet sources. Retrieved November 2, 2002, from: http://www.bournemouth.ac.uk/library/using/guidetocitinginternetsourc.html
Harvard (Bath)
Holland, M., 2002. Guide to citing Internet sources [Online]. Poole: Bournemouth University. Available from: http://www.bournemouth.ac.uk/library/using/guidetocitinginternetsourc.html [Accessed 4 November 2002].
IEEE
[1] M. Holland. (2002, November 2). Guide to citing internet sources [Online]. Available: http://www.bournemouth.ac.uk/library/using/guidetocitinginternetsourc.html
List your references alphabetically by author’s surname. If you have more than one work by the same author, ist those works in order of year–of-publication (earliest first). Example of a reference list in APA 7th style:
Barratt, A. (1987). Between two worlds: a critical introduction to ‘The Master and Margarita’. Oxford: Clarendon
Ericson, E.E. (1991). The apocalyptic vision of Mikhail Bulgakov’s ‘The Master and Margarita’. New York: Edwin Mellen.
Milne, L. (1977). ‘The Master and Margarita’: a comedy of victory. Birmingham: University of Birmingham.
List your references in numerical order, based on the number you have given each citation within the text. The example below is formatted in IEEE style which numbers the citations in order of first appearance in your work.
[1] E. E. Ericson, The apocalyptic vision of Mikhail Bulgakov’s ‘The Master and Margarita’. New York: Edwin Mellen, 1991.
[2] L. Milne, ‘The Master and Margarita’: a comedy of victory. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1977.
[3] A. Barratt, Between two worlds: a critical introduction to ‘The Master and Margarita’. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987.