Library Lists: E-book provision

• Libraries can choose to buy any printed book that is readily available. This is not true of e-books - a much more limited range of books is provided for sale.
• Even if a book exists as a Kindle version for an individual to buy, it doesn't mean that it's available as a library e-book. Due to these restricted licences, it is helpful to manage students expectations around e-book availability.  
• Some e-books are licenced in another country (frequently the USA) but are not permitted for use in the UK. 
• E-books can be prohibitively expensive, often hundreds and sometimes thousands of pounds. Even the most affordable are priced at up to five times the cost of the print version. 
• Some e-books may only be made available as part of a large bundle, not sold individually.
• Many key titles (textbooks for example) are unavailable to purchase and can only be rented at a fee per student, per unit, per year - the equivalent of buying each student a copy. The cost is often prohibitively expensive.
• Where e-book access is capped to a set number of students, access becomes less equitable as it is either not available to the wider community or access is used up by other courses.  
• Some key titles (textbooks) are only available on a publisher's learning platform/courseware and access involves paying for an annual subscription, even if only the book (and not the learning platform) is wanted. 
• If recommending an older text (pre 2000), consider that this may not be available as an e-book and selecting single chapters for scanning may be a better option.  

The issues are brought to life in this one minute animated video from the #ebookSOS campaign:

• Consider referring to multiple books, chapters and articles and break the reliance on one single essential text. This approach spreads use amongst a wide range of materials and allows use of the Library's licence for scanning single chapters from textbooks. 
• If recommending texts that are published with limited access models, consider alternatives and whether another text could be more readily available.  

• Consult with your Subject Librarian to make the best use of existing resources such as unlimited access subject collections like the 127,000 e-books we've purchased from Springer.
• Consider open source collections such as Directory of Open Access Books, OAPEN, Open Book Publishers and university presses like UCLPress. 

• Unlike printed books which libraries own, e-books are licenced and therefore the publishers decide how they can be used.
• The best licences allow unlimited use - we always buy this type if we can. Unlimited use means that any number of people can use the book at the same time.
• Most e-books are sold with either a single user or three user licence, granting either one person or up to three people access to the e-book at any given time. 
• Some e-books are sold under a credit model, for example with 200 or 400 credits per year. One credit is spent per individual accessing that e-book (any number of times) in a 24 hour period. 
• Some publishers allow their e-books to be downloaded for a short period, for example 24 hours. Typically, if we own three copies, two can be downloaded (by one person each) and the third will just be available to read online (by one person at a time). 
• PDF downloads are offered by some publishers, others offer time limited downloads that can only be read using e-reader software. 
• It’s possible for us to purchase multiple single, three user or credit model e-books to accommodate high demand. Costs can mount up, but this method is still far cheaper than the e-textbook rental model, particularly longer term.  

We often buy large subject collections of e-books, like online reference and research books. These tend to have fewer restrictions than the e-books we buy individually and usually allow unlimited access. Some example collections are shown below. To see those recommended for different subjects please refer to 'Resources for your Subject' linked from the library home page.

• Think about recommending something different on your reading lists if an electronic copy only offers a restrictive model or is prohibitively expensive.  
• Follow the campaigning work of the #ebookSOS team who are advocating for fair access to e-books for libraries.
• Sign the Open Letter from #ebookSOS which calls on the UK parliamentary Education Select Committee, to investigate the unfair sales, pricing and licensing practice of academic publishers.
• Considering donating to support the voluntary work of #ebookSOS.
• Use your social media channels to highlight the challenges caused by current e-book pricing using the #ebookSOS hashtag.
• Support open access publishing. The Library is a paid member of Open Book Publishers - our membership allows any University of Bath author interested in publishing with Open Book Publishers, to send in their proposal. More information about action that authors can take is found in the Publishing Considerations section of this guide.